Gum Disease (Periodontitis)
A common infection of the gums that can damage the soft tissue and bone supporting teeth.
Overview
Gum disease starts as gingivitis (inflamed gums) and can progress to periodontitis, which damages the bone that supports teeth.
It's largely preventable and treatable with good oral hygiene and professional care.
Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of gum disease (periodontitis).
- Swollen, red, or tender gums
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing
- Persistent bad breath
- Receding gums
- Loose teeth
Causes
What can lead to this condition.
- Plaque and tartar buildup
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking
- Diabetes
Risk factors
Factors that can increase your risk.
- Smoking
- Poor oral hygiene
- Diabetes
- Certain medications and genetics
Diagnosis
How providers typically confirm this condition.
- Dental exam measuring gum pockets
- Dental X-rays to assess bone loss
Treatment options
Approaches that help manage or resolve the condition.
- Professional deep cleaning (scaling and root planing)
- Improved daily oral hygiene
- Antibiotics in some cases
- Surgery for advanced disease
Prevention
Steps that may help prevent or reduce the condition.
- Brush twice and floss daily
- Get regular dental cleanings
- Don't smoke
When to see a doctor
- Bleeding, swollen gums, or persistent bad breath
- Loose teeth or receding gums
Seek emergency care
- Facial swelling, severe pain, or fever (possible abscess) — seek urgent dental or medical care
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Care for gum disease (periodontitis) is covered by most major insurance plans. Filter providers by your plan on Hippo Intelligence to find in-network options.
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