Acid Reflux (GERD)
A digestive condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus.
Overview
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and heartburn.
Occasional reflux is normal, but frequent symptoms need attention to prevent complications. Most cases improve with lifestyle changes and medication.
Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of acid reflux (gerd).
- Heartburn, especially after eating
- Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
- Chest discomfort
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chronic cough or hoarseness
Causes
What can lead to this condition.
- Weak lower esophageal sphincter
- Hiatal hernia
- Obesity
- Certain foods, caffeine, and alcohol
- Pregnancy
Risk factors
Factors that can increase your risk.
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Pregnancy
- Large or late-night meals
Diagnosis
How providers typically confirm this condition.
- Symptom review and response to treatment
- Upper endoscopy
- Esophageal pH monitoring
- Barium swallow study
Treatment options
Approaches that help manage or resolve the condition.
- Antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors
- Weight loss and dietary changes
- Avoiding trigger foods and late meals
- Elevating the head of the bed
- Surgery for severe, persistent cases
Prevention
Steps that may help prevent or reduce the condition.
- Eat smaller meals and avoid lying down after eating
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Limit trigger foods, alcohol, and caffeine
- Quit smoking
When to see a doctor
- Heartburn more than twice a week
- Difficulty or pain when swallowing
Seek emergency care
- Chest pain with shortness of breath or arm/jaw pain — call 911
- Vomiting blood or black stools — seek emergency care
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