Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
An irregular, often rapid heart rhythm that can increase the risk of stroke and heart failure.
Overview
Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of irregular heartbeat. The heart's upper chambers beat chaotically and out of sync with the lower chambers.
AFib can be occasional or persistent. Because it can lead to blood clots and stroke, diagnosis and treatment are important even when symptoms are mild.
Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of atrial fibrillation (afib).
- Heart palpitations or a fluttering chest
- Fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Chest discomfort
Causes
What can lead to this condition.
- High blood pressure and heart disease
- Overactive thyroid
- Excessive alcohol or caffeine
- Sleep apnea
- Heart valve problems
Risk factors
Factors that can increase your risk.
- Older age
- High blood pressure or heart failure
- Obesity and sleep apnea
- Excess alcohol use
Diagnosis
How providers typically confirm this condition.
- ECG to capture the irregular rhythm
- Holter or event monitor for intermittent episodes
- Echocardiogram to assess heart structure
- Blood tests including thyroid function
Treatment options
Approaches that help manage or resolve the condition.
- Rate- or rhythm-control medications
- Blood thinners to reduce stroke risk
- Cardioversion to reset the rhythm
- Catheter ablation for selected patients
- Treating underlying causes like sleep apnea
Prevention
Steps that may help prevent or reduce the condition.
- Control blood pressure and weight
- Limit alcohol and caffeine
- Treat sleep apnea
- Stay physically active
When to see a doctor
- You notice a persistent irregular or racing heartbeat
- You have palpitations with dizziness or fatigue
Seek emergency care
- Chest pain, fainting, or severe shortness of breath — call 911
- Sudden weakness, numbness, or trouble speaking (stroke signs) — call 911
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