High Cholesterol
Elevated levels of LDL or total cholesterol that can build up in arteries and raise heart risk.
Overview
High cholesterol means you have too much of certain fats (lipids) in your blood. Over time, excess LDL ("bad") cholesterol can form plaques that narrow arteries.
Like high blood pressure, it usually has no symptoms and is found through a blood test. Managing it lowers your risk of heart attack and stroke.
Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of high cholesterol.
- No symptoms in most cases
- Fatty deposits around the eyes or tendons (in severe, inherited cases)
- Chest pain if arteries are significantly narrowed
Causes
What can lead to this condition.
- Diet high in saturated and trans fats
- Genetics (familial hypercholesterolemia)
- Physical inactivity and obesity
- Diabetes and underactive thyroid
- Smoking, which lowers HDL cholesterol
Risk factors
Factors that can increase your risk.
- Family history of high cholesterol or early heart disease
- Poor diet and sedentary lifestyle
- Obesity and diabetes
- Age and menopause
Diagnosis
How providers typically confirm this condition.
- Lipid panel blood test (total, LDL, HDL, triglycerides)
- Fasting may be requested for accurate triglyceride readings
- Cardiovascular risk calculation combining cholesterol with other factors
Treatment options
Approaches that help manage or resolve the condition.
- Heart-healthy diet low in saturated fat
- Statins or other cholesterol-lowering medication
- Regular exercise and weight loss
- Quitting smoking to raise HDL
Prevention
Steps that may help prevent or reduce the condition.
- Choose unsaturated fats and fiber-rich foods
- Stay physically active
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Get lipid levels checked periodically
When to see a doctor
- You haven't had cholesterol checked in over 5 years
- You have a family history of early heart disease
Seek emergency care
- Chest pain, arm or jaw pain, or shortness of breath may signal a heart attack — call 911
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