Asthma
A chronic condition where airways narrow and swell, making breathing difficult.
Overview
Asthma is a long-term condition that inflames and narrows the airways, causing wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
With a good management plan, most people with asthma control their symptoms and live active lives.
Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of asthma.
- Wheezing
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness
- Coughing, often worse at night
- Trouble breathing during exercise
Causes
What can lead to this condition.
- Genetic predisposition
- Allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander
- Respiratory infections
- Air pollution and irritants
- Exercise and cold air
Risk factors
Factors that can increase your risk.
- Family history of asthma or allergies
- Allergic conditions like eczema
- Smoking or secondhand smoke
- Air pollution exposure
Diagnosis
How providers typically confirm this condition.
- Lung function tests (spirometry)
- Peak flow measurements
- Allergy testing
- Review of symptom patterns
Treatment options
Approaches that help manage or resolve the condition.
- Quick-relief inhalers (bronchodilators)
- Long-term control inhalers (corticosteroids)
- Avoiding triggers
- Biologics for severe asthma
- A personalized asthma action plan
Prevention
Steps that may help prevent or reduce the condition.
- Identify and avoid triggers
- Take controller medications as prescribed
- Get vaccinated against flu and pneumonia
When to see a doctor
- Frequent symptoms or inhaler use
- Symptoms interfering with daily activities
Seek emergency care
- Severe shortness of breath, blue lips, or no relief from a rescue inhaler — call 911
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