Kidney Stones
Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause intense pain as they pass.
Overview
Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. Passing them can be very painful.
Small stones often pass on their own; larger ones may need procedures. Staying hydrated is the best prevention.
Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of kidney stones.
- Severe pain in the side and back
- Pain radiating to the lower abdomen and groin
- Painful urination
- Pink, red, or brown urine
- Nausea and vomiting
Causes
What can lead to this condition.
- Concentrated urine from dehydration
- High levels of certain minerals
- Diet high in salt or protein
- Certain medical conditions
Risk factors
Factors that can increase your risk.
- Dehydration
- High-sodium or high-protein diet
- Obesity
- Family history
Diagnosis
How providers typically confirm this condition.
- CT scan or ultrasound
- Urine and blood tests
- Analysis of passed stones
Treatment options
Approaches that help manage or resolve the condition.
- Increased fluid intake
- Pain management
- Medication to help stones pass
- Shock wave therapy or surgery for large stones
Prevention
Steps that may help prevent or reduce the condition.
- Drink plenty of water daily
- Limit sodium and animal protein
- Follow provider dietary advice for stone type
When to see a doctor
- Severe or persistent side/back pain
- Blood in the urine
Seek emergency care
- Pain with fever and chills, or inability to urinate — seek emergency care
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